Contexts 3 4 4 – Fast Window Switcher Installation

• Contexts 3 4 4 – Fast Window Switcher Installation Diagram
• Contexts 3 4 4 – Fast Window Switcher Installation Guide

If you want to sell your old Laptop when you switch to a new system, you have a problem:

'Even if you have deleted all personal documents and images, this does not automatically mean that they cannot be restored.'

The most significant risk when selling a PC is the retention of data that can be used to uniquely identify you or that can be used to access your Internet accounts.

Click ‘OK' on the small notification window that opens up. Follow the Docker Install Log to monitor progress and see when the analysis pipeline is ready for use (about 30-45 minutes on a fast internet connection) Download the test-data.zip file available here; Method of Installation. The following sections describe the Home Selector application, which is available when you install the Oracle Universal Installer on a Windows computer. The Home Selector is part of the installation software and is installed with the Oracle Universal Installer. It is installed in HomeSelector.

To prevent this from happening, you have to clear your traces by flattening your PC or laptop.

In this article, you will encounter a step-wise guide on how to clear your Laptop/PC completely without leaving any trace behind.

It will format all residues from the HDD or SDD of your laptop. After that, you can easily sell your laptop.

• To altogether remove data from a computer, merely moving it to the trash is not enough.

• With special rescue programs, data can be restored even after deletion.

• Before you sell a PC, you should flatten the hard drives, save your data on a Pen drive and install a new Windows.

How to format Windows 10

Step 1:
Press the [Windows] and [R] keys simultaneously so that the 'Run' command opens.

Step 2:
Enter 'diskmgmt.msc' here and confirm with 'OK'. Then the disk management opens.

Step 3:
You will now find a list of all hard disks in the disk management. Based on the name and size, you can find the desired hard drive here.

Step 4:
Right-click on the hard drive and select the 'Format' option.

Step 5:
Confirm with OK'; the hard disk is formatted. Depending on the size, this process can take a few minutes to hours.

How to format External Hard Drive Windows 10

You can also format external hard drives in Windows 10. However, you do this a little differently.

Step 1:
Simultaneously press the [Windows] and [E] keys to open Explorer. Go to the 'This PC' area on the left.

Step 2:
Right-click on the hard disk and select the 'Format' option in the context menu.

Step 3:
Click on the 'Restore device standards' button and make further settings if necessary. If you have no special requirements, you can now format the hard disk using the 'Start' button.

How to format Windows 7

If you want to format the partition on which Windows 7 is installed, you have to reinstall the operating system completely. Think carefully about this step, because all settings, programs and data will be lost!

Step 1:
Before you start reinstalling Windows 7, you should first back up your most important files. Don't forget documents, pictures, emails or possibly saves. Save everything on an external hard drive or a USB stick. For security reasons, rerun an anti-virus program so that your new Windows is virus-free right from the start.

Step 2:
Now insert the Windows 7 DVD in your PC drive and restart the computer. Now you have to change the boot order so that your PC boots from the DVD. To do this, press the 'Del' or 'F2' key in the BIOS during the boot process – the key depends on the BIOS used. In the 'Boot Priority' menu that opens, select your drive or DVD and confirm. Make sure that you first save the changes in the BIOS and later reset them to the hard disk.

Step 3:
Now the Windows installation starts. First, the 'Install Windows' window opens. Here you select your preferred language, the time and currency format as well as the keyboard layout. Unless otherwise requested, set everything to 'English' and click on 'Next' and then on 'Install now'. After starting the setup, read the license terms, accept them by clicking the small box below the license and confirm with 'Next'.

Step 4:
Now select the type of installation. Since you want to reinstall Windows 7 completely, click on 'Custom (extended)'. Now select the respective partitions or hard disks and format them first by clicking on 'Drive options (extended)' and then on 'Format'. Once you have formatted all hard drives, select the hard drive or partition on which you want to install Windows. Then click 'Next' again.

Step 5:
What follows is the actual installation and update of Windows 7. This process can take some time. If there are no problems, Windows will restart the computer twice during the installation. After the second restart, Windows will ask you for some input.

Step 6:
First, you need to provide a username and a computer name. Confirm your entries with 'Next'. This is followed by entering the user password, which can optionally be set up for your Windows user account. Now define the update settings for Windows 7. For optimal protection of your system, the 'recommended settings' should be used.

Step 7:
The date and time settings follow. As soon as these have been made, click 'Next' again. Finally, if your computer is already connected to a network, Windows will ask you to confirm the network settings. As soon as you have completed this last step, you have successfully installed Windows.

How to format Hard Drive Windows 7

If you want to format a hard drive that only contains data and not the operating system, this is quickly done. Usually, Windows 7 is installed on the hard disk partition 'C:'. It cannot be formatted in this way.

Step 1:
Open the 'Computer' window (formerly 'My Computer') from the Start menu.

Step 2:
Select the hard drive you want to format from the list of
drives.

Step 3:
Right-click on the hard drive and select 'Format'.

Step 4:
A new window opens (see screenshot). There you can change the name of the hard disk or the file system. Usually, you can keep all settings.

Step 5:
Click 'Start' to have Windows 7 format the hard drive. The process can take a few minutes. All data from this hard disk partition will be deleted.

Tip: As a rule, 'quick format' is sufficient, which usually only takes a few seconds. To do this, check the box below 'Format options'.

How to format Windows 7 without CD

Before performing the reset, you should back up your data. Otherwise, all data will be lost. The following instructions start the reset fastest but do not work on all computers. If this is the case for you, simply follow the instructions in the next paragraph.

Step 1:
First of all, you have to start the PC in recovery mode. Press the [F9] or [F11] key repeatedly during startup.

Step 2:
Which button you use to go into recovery mode is often shown in the first few seconds of the start. Alternatively, try all other F keys.

Step 3:
If Windows starts up usually, switch off the PC and try again.

Step 4:
When you have reached the menu, select the 'Restore' item.

Step 5:
If you follow the further instructions, Windows 7 will be reset to the factory settings.

First, use Windows Explorer to delete all files on your PC hard drive that you want to remove. To do this, select the files or folders and press the Delete key. Then right-click on the Trash and pick Empty Trash.

Format step by step:

1. Press the key combination [Win – R] and enter explorer.

2. Open Computer (Windows 7) or This PC (Windows 8/10).

3. Right-click the hard drive you want to format.

If you want to erase your hard drive entirely or if it runs too slowly, you can format it. You have to completely reinstall the operating system and boot it from a USB stick or DVD. You cannot format a hard drive directly from the BIOS.

1. Open the Control Panel and click on 'System and Security', then on 'Backup and Restore'.

2. There you click on the option 'Restore system settings on the computer'.

1. Windows 7: How to reinstall the operating system without a CD. First, download the appropriate ISO file. Then you need the Windows 7 USB / DVD Download Tool.

2. Run the tool and insert a USB stick into the PC with sufficient storage space.

In contrast, NTFS is only supported by Windows operating systems. A vital disadvantage of the FAT file system is the limited file size. The maximum filesize for FAT32 is only 4 GB. This makes the FAT file system practically unusable for image data backups.

Contexts 3 4 4 – Fast Window Switcher Installation Diagram

If you want to erase your hard drive entirely or if it runs too slowly, you can format it. You have to completely reinstall the operating system and boot it from a USB stick or DVD. You cannot format a hard drive directly from the BIOS.

1. Informative blog on formatting the laptop. Last time I tried formatting the laptop, it ran into some issues.I will follow the said instructions next time.

2. Useful guide on formatting windows 10 laptop. I read a couple of blogs on the same topic but it was getting a bit confusing. This one really simplifies stuff.

3. I had an old laptop that was unused for 3 odd years. I followed similar stepsand formatted it. The result was exceptional. The formatted laptop was pretty similar to a new one and helped in increasing the performance as well as speed. I can very well use it for my kids online classes.

Released:

Timeout control decorator and context managers, raise any exception in another thread

Project description

Raise asynchronous exceptions in other threads, control the timeout ofblocks or callables with two context managers and two decorators.

Attention!

API Changes

Users of 1.0.0 should upgrade their source code:

• stopit.Timeout is renamed stopit.ThreadingTimeout
• stopit.timeoutable is renamed stopit.threading_timeoutable

Explications follow below…

Contents

• Installation
• Public API
  • Threading based resources
• Known issues
• Tests and demos
  • Timeout context manager
• Changes log

Overview

This module provides:

• a function that raises an exception in another thread, including the mainthread.
• two context managers that may stop its inner block activity on timeout.
• two decorators that may stop its decorated callables on timeout.

Developed and tested with CPython 2.6, 2.7, 3.3 and 3.4 on MacOSX. Should workon any OS (xBSD, Linux, Windows) except when explicitly mentioned.

Note

Signal based timeout controls, namely SignalTimeout context manager andsignal_timeoutable decorator won't work in Windows that has no supportfor signal.SIGALRM. Any help to work around this is welcome.

Installation

Using stopit in your application

Both work identically:

Public API

Exception

stopit.TimeoutException

A stopit.TimeoutException may be raised in a timeout context managercontrolled block.

This exception may be propagated in your application at the end of executionof the context manager controlled block, see the swallow_ex parameter ofthe context managers.

Note that the stopit.TimeoutException is always swallowed after theexecution of functions decorated with xxx_timeoutable(...). Anyway, youmay catch this exception within the decorated function.

Threading based resources

Warning

Threading based resources will only work with CPython implementationssince we use CPython specific low level API. This excludes Iron Python,Jython, Pypy, …

Will not stop the execution of blocking Python atomic instructions thatacquire the GIL. In example, if the destination thread is actuallyexecuting a time.sleep(20), the asynchronous exception is effectiveafter its execution.

stopit.async_raise

A function that raises an arbitrary exception in another thread

async_raise(tid, exception)

• tid is the thread identifier as provided by the ident attribute of athread object. See the documentation of the threading module for furtherinformation.
• exception is the exception class or object to raise in the thread.

stopit.ThreadingTimeout

A context manager that 'kills' its inner block execution that exceeds theprovided time.

ThreadingTimeout(seconds, swallow_exc=True)

• seconds is the number of seconds allowed to the execution of the contextmanaged block.
• swallow_exc : if False, the possible stopit.TimeoutException willbe re-raised when quitting the context managed block. Attention: aTrue value does not swallow other potential exceptions.

Methods and attributes

of a stopit.ThreadingTimeout context manager.

A typical usage:

Notice that the context manager object may be considered as a booleanindicating (if True) that the block executed normally:

stopit.threading_timeoutable

A decorator that kills the function or method it decorates, if it does notreturn within a given time frame.

stopit.threading_timeoutable([default [, timeout_param]])

• default is the value to be returned by the decorated function or method ofwhen its execution timed out, to notify the caller code that the functiondid not complete within the assigned time frame.

  If this parameter is not provided, the decorated function or method willreturn a None value when its execution times out.

• timeout_param: The function or method you have decorated may require atimeout named parameter for whatever reason. This empowers you to changethe name of the timeout parameter in the decorated function signature towhatever suits, and prevent a potential naming conflict.

About the decorated function

or method…

As you noticed above, you just need to add the timeout parameter whencalling the function or method. Or whatever other name for this you chose withthe timeout_param of the decorator. When calling the real inner functionor method, this parameter is removed.

Signaling based resources

Warning

Using signaling based resources will not work under Windows or any OSthat's not based on Unix.

stopit.SignalTimeout and stopit.signal_timeoutable have exactly thesame API as their respective threading based resources, namelystopit.ThreadingTimeout and stopit.threading_timeoutable.

See the comparison chart that warns on the more or less subtle differencesbetween the Threading based resources and the Signaling based resources.

Logging

The stopit named logger emits a warning each time a block of codeexecution exceeds the associated timeout. To turn logging off, just:

Comparing thread based and signal based timeout control

Known issues

Timeout accuracy

Important: the way CPython supports threading and asynchronous features hasimpacts on the accuracy of the timeout. In other words, if you assign a 2.0seconds timeout to a context managed block or a decorated callable, theeffective code block / callable execution interruption may occur somefractions of seconds after this assigned timeout.

For more background about this issue - that cannot be fixed - please readPython gurus thoughts about Python threading, the GIL and context switchinglike these ones:

This is the reason why I am more 'tolerant' on timeout accuracy in the testsyou can read thereafter than I should be for a critical real-time application(that's not in the scope of Python).

It is anyway possible to improve this accuracy at the expense of the globalperformances decreasing the check interval which defaults to 100. See:

If this is a real issue for users (want a precise timeout and not anapproximative one), a future release will add the optional check_intervalparameter to the context managers and decorators. This parameter will enableto lower temporarily the threads switching check interval, having a moreaccurate timeout at the expense of the overall performances while the contextmanaged block or decorated functions are executing.

gevent support

Threading timeout control as mentioned in Threading based resources does not work as expectedwhen used in the context of a gevent worker.

See the discussion in Issue 13 for more details.

Tests and demos

In a real application, you should either use threading based timeout resources:

Or the POSIX signal based resources:

Let's define some utilities:

async_raise function raises an exception in another thread

Testing async_raise() with a thread of 5 seconds:

We raise a LookupError in that thread:

Okay but we must wait few milliseconds the thread death since the exception isasynchronous:

And we can notice that we stopped the thread before it stopped by itself:

Timeout context manager

Contexts 3 4 4 – Fast Window Switcher Installation Guide

The context manager stops the execution of its inner block after a given time.You may manage the way the timeout occurs using a try: ... except: ...construct or by inspecting the context manager state attribute after theblock.

Swallowing Timeout exceptions

We check that the fast functions return as outside our context manager:

And the context manager is considered as True (the block executed its lastline):

We check that slow functions are interrupted:

And the context manager is considered as False since the block did timeout.

Other exceptions are propagated and must be treated as usual:

Propagating TimeoutException

We can choose to propagate the TimeoutException too. Potential exceptionshave to be handled:

Other exceptions must be handled too:

timeoutable callable decorator

This decorator stops the execution of any callable that should not last acertain amount of time.

You may use a decorated callable without timeout control if you don't providethe timeout optional argument:

You may specify that timeout with the timeout optional argument.Interrupted callables return None:

Or any other value provided to the timeoutable decorator parameter:

If the timeout parameter name may clash with your callable signature, youmay change it using timeout_param:

It works on instance methods too:

Links

Source code (clone, fork, …)

https://github.com/glenfant/stopit

Issues tracker

https://github.com/glenfant/stopit/issues

PyPI

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/stopit

Credits

• This is a NIH package which is mainly a theft of Gabriel Ahtune's recipe withtests, minor improvements and refactorings, documentation and setuptoolsawareness I made since I'm somehow tired to copy/paste this recipe amongprojects that need timeout control.
• Gilles Lenfant: package creator andmaintainer.

License

This software is open source delivered under the terms of the MIT license. See the LICENSE file of this repository.

Changes log

1.1.2 - 2018-02-09

• Changed license to MIT
• Tested with Python 3.5 and 3.6

1.1.1 - 2015-03-22

• Fixed bug of timeout context manager as bool under Python 2.x
• Tested with Python 3.4

1.1.0 - 2014-05-02

• Added support for TIMER signal based timeout control (Posix OS only)
• API changes due to new timeout controls
• An exhaustive documentation.

Project details

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1.1.2

1.1.1

1.1.0

1.0.0

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